The power created by the waterwheels is delivered to the machinery by gears and belts. To run properly, machines must have their power at the right speed and direction. The waterwheel does not necessarily turn at the same speed and same direction as the machinery, so gears are used to adjust the speed and direction.

The water flows into the tub, turning the wheel.  The wheel turns the shafts and gears connected to it.  Leather belts connect the shafts and the machinery to provide the power to run the machine.